天天微头条丨ACCA考试F2吸收成本法和边际成本法的区别是什么
2023-01-10 16:56:21 来源:会计网
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ACCA考试F2吸收成本法和边际成本法的区别主要从利润计算方法、标准成本法中的差异两个方面看,具体内容如下:

利润计算方法

①COS:按销量计算,卖掉多少减多少。


(相关资料图)

吸收成本法下计入产品成本的只有total production cost(fixed production overhead&variable production overhead),当期销售出去的存货成本结转到利润表,即total production cost of sales;

边际成本法下计入产品成本的只有total variable cost(variable production overhead&variable non-production overhead),当期销售出去的存货成本结转到利润表,即total variable cost of sales。

②Under/over absorption:吸收成本法特有的,边际成本法不存在OAR和Under/over absorption。

涉及的计算公式:

Under/over absorption=Actual overhead-Absorbed overhead

Absorbed overhead=OAR*Actual activity level

OAR=Budget production overhead/Budget activity level

③Sales-COS:

备考资料ue_arc_bkzl请在下面红色框内输入分类名称arc_bkzl_nameACCA

吸收成本法下的主营业务收入-主营业务成本叫做Gross profit毛利润;

边际成本法下的主营业务收入-主营业务成本叫做Contribution贡献。

④Period cost:当期发生多少减多少。

吸收成本法下包含total non-production cost;

边际成本法下包含total fixed cost

⑤Valuation of closing inventory:Absorption costing>Marginal costing。

吸收成本法存货计价:Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead+Fixedproduction overhead;

边际成本法存货计价:Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead;

标准成本法中的差异

①Cost variance---fixed production overhead variance

Absorption costing:

A.fixed production overhead total variance=under/over absorbed overhead

B.fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead

C.fixed production overhead volume variance=budgeted units*OAR-actual units*OAR

D.fixed production overhead volume efficiency variance=(budgeted hours at actual output-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour

E.fixed production overhead variance=(budgeted hours-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour

Marginal costing:(因为MC法下不存在OAR,所以对于fixed production overhead variance只有expenditure variance)

fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead

②Sales variance---sales volume variance

Absorption costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardprofit per units

Marginal costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardcontribution per units

③Operating statement

两者的联系

利润差公式:MC+OAR*(closing inventory-opening inventory)=AC

注:1.此公式的利润指两种成本核算方法下的净利润,不是contribution和gross profit的比较;

2.Closing inventory-Opening inventory=Production units-Sales units

3.此公式可以用于求OAR=(AC-MC)/(closing inventory-opening inventory)

标签: 边际成本 主营业务成本 计算方法 主营业务收入 成本核算

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