ACCA考试F2吸收成本法和边际成本法的区别主要从利润计算方法、标准成本法中的差异两个方面看,具体内容如下:
利润计算方法
①COS:按销量计算,卖掉多少减多少。
(相关资料图)
吸收成本法下计入产品成本的只有total production cost(fixed production overhead&variable production overhead),当期销售出去的存货成本结转到利润表,即total production cost of sales;
边际成本法下计入产品成本的只有total variable cost(variable production overhead&variable non-production overhead),当期销售出去的存货成本结转到利润表,即total variable cost of sales。
②Under/over absorption:吸收成本法特有的,边际成本法不存在OAR和Under/over absorption。
涉及的计算公式:
Under/over absorption=Actual overhead-Absorbed overhead
Absorbed overhead=OAR*Actual activity level
OAR=Budget production overhead/Budget activity level
③Sales-COS:
备考资料ue_arc_bkzl请在下面红色框内输入分类名称arc_bkzl_nameACCA
吸收成本法下的主营业务收入-主营业务成本叫做Gross profit毛利润;
边际成本法下的主营业务收入-主营业务成本叫做Contribution贡献。
④Period cost:当期发生多少减多少。
吸收成本法下包含total non-production cost;
边际成本法下包含total fixed cost
⑤Valuation of closing inventory:Absorption costing>Marginal costing。
吸收成本法存货计价:Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead+Fixedproduction overhead;
边际成本法存货计价:Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead;
标准成本法中的差异
①Cost variance---fixed production overhead variance
Absorption costing:
A.fixed production overhead total variance=under/over absorbed overhead
B.fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead
C.fixed production overhead volume variance=budgeted units*OAR-actual units*OAR
D.fixed production overhead volume efficiency variance=(budgeted hours at actual output-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour
E.fixed production overhead variance=(budgeted hours-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour
Marginal costing:(因为MC法下不存在OAR,所以对于fixed production overhead variance只有expenditure variance)
fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead
②Sales variance---sales volume variance
Absorption costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardprofit per units
Marginal costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardcontribution per units
③Operating statement
两者的联系
利润差公式:MC+OAR*(closing inventory-opening inventory)=AC
注:1.此公式的利润指两种成本核算方法下的净利润,不是contribution和gross profit的比较;
2.Closing inventory-Opening inventory=Production units-Sales units
3.此公式可以用于求OAR=(AC-MC)/(closing inventory-opening inventory)